- 1783: American and French forces lift the Great Siege of Gibraltar, ending a major conflict during the American Revolutionary War.
- 1795: The 11th Amendment to the US Constitution, limiting federal judicial power over certain state lawsuits, is ratified.
- 1807: The Napoleonic Wars continue with the inconclusive Battle of Eylau between French and Russian forces.
- 1812: A powerful earthquake strikes New Madrid, Missouri, the strongest in recorded US history.
- 1862: US Navy captures Roanoke Island, North Carolina, during the American Civil War.
- 1924: Paris Olympics open, the first Winter Olympics held separately from the Summer Games.
- 1944: Allied forces launch an amphibious assault against German troops at Anzio, Italy, during World War II.
- 1962: US President John F. Kennedy bans trade with Cuba, escalating tensions during the Cold War.
- 1974: Grenada gains independence from the United Kingdom.
- 1984: American astronaut Bruce McCandless performs the first untethered spacewalk.
- 1992: The Maastricht Treaty is signed, leading to the creation of the European Union.
- 1995: Ramzi Yousef, mastermind of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, is arrested in Pakistan.
- 1999: Crown Prince Abdullah becomes King of Jordan after the death of his father, King Hussein.
Which famous Italian chef is widely credited with inventing Fettuccine Alfredo?