- 1542: Catherine Howard, fifth wife of King Henry VIII, is executed for adultery. (Brutal, right?)
- 1633: Galileo Galilei, famous astronomer and scientist, is condemned by the Catholic Church for his support of heliocentrism.
- 1804: First Barbary War: Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate USS Philadelphia. (A daring attack!)
- 1862: Union General Ulysses S. Grant captures Fort Donelson, Tennessee, a major victory in the American Civil War.
- 1923: The tomb of King Tutankhamun is opened by archaeologist Howard Carter, sparking worldwide fascination with ancient Egypt.
- 1959: Fidel Castro becomes Prime Minister of Cuba, transforming the island into the Western Hemisphere's first communist state.
- 1992: British Minister of Defense Harold Macmillan announces plans to develop and produce hydrogen bombs. (A sobering reminder of the Cold War)
- 2005: The Kyoto Protocol goes into effect, an international treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
What is the name of the hormone released in the brain that helps caregivers bond with their loved ones?